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It is estimated that nearly 60 million Americans have at least one type of heart disease. One million of these people die each year, many without presenting any symptoms. In most cases these sudden cardiac deaths can be attributed to the physical rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, and the resulting myocardial infarct.

Importantly, though, only a subset of plaques are "vulnerable" or rupture prone. An unmet medical exists to distinguish these type of plaque from stable plaque, and then to treat it so that it becomes less likely to rupture.

The long term goal of this PEN is to design nanodevices for the analysis, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.

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